The article submits results of computer simulation and numerical analysis of the stress-strain distribution by the finite element method in the «implant – lumbar spine – pelvis» system for different variants of fixation with a transpedicular polysegmental structure. Peculiarities of the maximum stress in bone structures of the vertebrae and pelvis in the area of screw insertion and in fixing units with four kinds of vertebral instrumentation (transpedicular fixation LI-LV and LI-SI, as well as LI-LV and LI-SI in combination with an insertion of rods into the pelvic bone) are shown.

The authors examine three kinds of meniscal pathology depending upon its genesis: traumatic, pathic and dysplastic; the latter was called «hereditarily predisposed meniscogenic syndrome» (HPMS). A comparative statistical characteristic is given for radiological signs of the knee joint structure in meniscal pathology of different genesis, and it is proved that HPMS (direct and indirect) is characterized by an affection of an abnormal or normal meniscus in the dysplastic knee joint. Traumatic and pathic meniscal pathology develops in a normal (according to its anatomical structure) knee joint. Different kinds of meniscal pathology may combine.

As a result of their experimental study on 32 white young female rats (the animals’ age by the moment of entering the research was 5 months, the body weight was 181 ± 5 g) with use of methods of dental densitometry and histological investigation, the authors demonstrated that administration of Aclasta drug to female rats after ovariectomy and with well-developed osteoporosis during reproduction of a perforating defect caused a reliable rise in indices of mineral density and saturation of the osseous tissue, did not affect the process of reparative regeneration and facilitated formation of an adequate bone regenerate in areas of compact and spongy bones.

Twenty-three patients with amputation defects of their lower extremities and accompanying osteoarthrosis of joints on the saved extremity were examined. All the patients revealed indications for orthotic treatment. The authors studied the intensity of pain syndrome, a level of restoring of motor functions, and ability to self-service. The purpose of the present work consisted in restoring the ability to move in the patients. Two groups of patients were examined: the first group included the cases which, for different reasons, did not undergo orthotic treatment of the saved extremity and were provided only with prostheses, the second group underwent both prosthetic and orthotic treatment. Results of the examinations showed, that 63.6 % of patients from the second group could move and become independent of their people. At the same time, 41.6 % of patients from the first group did not master walking at all, and 50 % could hardly move on crutches. Thus, orthotic treatment of the single lower extremity was an effective method of rehabilitation for patients with amputation defects of one extremity with osteoarthrosis of joints on the other lower extremity.

Determination of the rational diameter of pins and rods for external hinged fixing devices was made on the basis of an anatomical-biochemical experiment on anatomical preparations and mathematical modelling. The article contains data of the rational diameter of pins and rods in external fixing devices for the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints depending upon their material, type of the device fixation and expected levels of loading.

Analysing scientific literature, the authors suggest new concepts of the development of fat embolism syndrome as a complication of traumatic disease.